Sentence Structure

The Arabic sentences are divided into two main kinds :

1- The nominal sentence (starts with a noun)

2- The verbal sentence( starts with a verb)

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The nominal sentence

(starts with a noun)

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* العِلْمُ نُورٌ

Knowledge is light.

Al-elmo nouron

* الكَوْكَبُ لَامِعٌ

The star is shining.

al-kawkabo lamei

* الجِبَالُ عَالِيَةٌ

The mountains are high.

al-jibalou aaliah

* المُعَلِّمَانِ حَاضِرَان

The two teachers are present.

al-moalle-man haderan.

All these Arabic nominal sentences consist of two nouns, the first word of each sentence is called مُبْتدَأ

(subject) and the second word is called خَبَر (predicate).

Important notes:

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1- Both subject and predicate are in the nominative case (مرفوع), which ends with ُ   "dammah"  in general.

2- Generally the subject (مبتدأ) would be definite and the predicate (خبر) indefinite. 

3- The predicate (خبر) has to agree with its subject in respect of number and gender (masculine or feminine).

4- When the subject is the plural form of an object, not a person, the predicate is singular feminine.