Demonstrative pronouns أسماء الإشارة

Demonstrative pronouns in Arabic as in English language have two kinds :

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1- for near objects

2- for distant (far) objects

as well as the difference between plural and singular.

However there are two major important differences in Arabic language which is gender agreement and the pronouns which refer to dual objects only.....

Demonstrative pronouns in English are: this, that, these, those.....

this ....singular near object

that ....singular distant object

these...plural near objects

those.....plural distant objects

Demonstrative pronouns in Arabic are :

هذا - هذه - هذان - هذين - هاتان - هاتين - هؤلاء - ذلك (ذاك) - تلك - ذانك - تانك -أولئك

First let's devide them based on distance into two sections :

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1- for near objects  هذا - هذه - هذان - هذين - هاتان - هاتين - هؤلاء
haza- hazehi- hazani- hazayni- hatani-hatayni- haoulaa

2- for distant (far) objects   ذلك (ذاك) - تلك - ذانك - تانك - أولئك  
zalika(zaka)- tilka- zanika- tanika- oulaeka

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As I said before, there isn't a golden rule to diffrentiate between male and female nouns except for the urge for extra learning and memorizing every noun with its gender type.

In some cases the "taa marboutah ة " at the end of the noun indicates fiminization......but don't count on that, because it is not a fixed rule...

Stay tuned for upcoming posts to elaborate more with examples......you are most welcome to leave questions and comments.